What creates conflict?There is a speech that has been spoken in many languages by the leaders of many countries. It goes like this; “The intentions of our country are entirely peaceful. Yet, we are also aware that other
How can peace be achieved?
Postscript: The conflict between individual and communal rights
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Write My Essay For MeThere is a speech that has been spoken in many languages by the leaders of many countries. It goes like this; “The intentions of our country are entirely peaceful. Yet, we are also aware that other
^nations, with their new weapons, threaten us. Thus we must defend
iourselves against attack. By so doing, we shall protect our way of
jlife and preserve the peace” (Richardson, I960}. Almost every nation
^claims concern only for peace but, mistrusting other nations, arms
itself in self-defense. The result is a world that has been spending
$5 billion per day on arms and armies while hundreds of millions die of
malnutrition and untreated disease (SIPRI, 2011).
The elements of such conflict (a perceived incompatibility of
actions or goals) are similar at many levels: conflict between nations in
an arms race, between religious factions disputing points of doctrine,
between corporate executives and workers disputing salaries, and
between bickering spouses. People in conflict perceive that one side s
gain is the other’s loss:
• “We want peace and security.” “So do we, but you threaten us.”
• “I’d like the music off.” “I’d like it on.”
• “We want more pay.” “We can’t afford it.”
A relationship or an organization without conflict is probably apa-
hetic. Conflict signifies involvement, commitment, and caring. If conflict
482 Part Three Social Relations
As civil rights leaders know, creatively managed con flicts can have constructive outcomes.
conflict A perceived incompatibility of actions or goals.
peace A condition marked by low levels of hostility and aggression and by mutually beneficial relationships.
is understood and recognized, it can end
oppression and stimulate renewed and
improved human relations. Harmony
occurs when justice and mutual respect
prevail but also when “everyone knows
their place” in an unjust world (Dixon &
others, 2010). Without conflict, people
seldom face and resolve their problems.
Genuine peace is more than the sup
pression of open conflict, more than a
fragile, superficial calm. Peace is the
outcome of a creatively managed con
flict. Peace is the parties reconciling
their perceived differences and reaching
genuine accord. “We got our increased
pay. You got your increased profit. Now each of us is helping the other achieve the
organization’s goals.” Peace, says peace researcher Royce Anderson (2004), “is a
condition in which individuals, families, groups, communities, and/or nations experi
ence low levels of violence and engage in mutually harmonious relationships.”
In this chapter we explore conflict and peacemaking by asking what factors create
or exacerbate conflict, and what factors contribute to peace:
• What social situations feed conflict?
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